Pain complaints are associated with quick returns and insomnia among Norwegian nurses, but do not differ between shift workers and day only workers

Abstract

Purpose To determine whether common work schedule characteristics among Norwegian nurses were associated with subjective pain complaints. Methods A cross-sectional study in a sample of 1585 nurses, part of the longitudinal questionnaire-based cohort project ‘Survey of Shift work, Sleep and Health’ (SUSSH). Pain from six regions were assessed: ‘headache’, ‘neck/shoulder/upper back’, ‘upper extremities’, ‘lower back’, ‘lower extremities’, and ‘abdomen’. Logistic and negative binomial regression (adjusted for age, sex, percentage of full-time equivalent, marital status and children living at home) were conducted where work schedule, number of night shifts last year, number of quick returns (QR) last year (< 11 h between shifts) and insomnia were predictors of localized pain, widespread pain and number of pain sites. Results Localized pain, widespread pain and number of pain sites were associated with insomnia (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.66–2.55, OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.47–3.09, IRR 1.70, 95% CI 1.51–1.91, respectively). Work schedule and number of night shifts worked last year were not associated with any of the three pain measures. Number of QRs worked last year tended to be associated with number of pain sites. Conclusion The study did not support the hypothesis that non-daytime work schedules are associated with pain complaints. Neither was there support for the hypothesis linking number of night shifts, or the number of QRs, to pain complaints. Future studies should aim to determine the association between QRs and pain in more detail. Pain complaints were associated with insomnia.